Site: Anavarza
Country: Turkey
Region: Cilicia, South-Central Turkey
Location : 37° 15’ N, 35° 54’ E
Cultures: Roman, Arab, Late Antique, Crusader, Armenian, Byzantine, Mamluk
Description:

Anavarza [Lat: Anazarbus; Grk: Anazarbos or Anabarza; Arab: Nāwarzā or ʽAyn Zarbah; Arm: Anavarz, Anawarza or Anazarba] is located on a majestic outcrop in the eastern half of Cilicia Pedias directly above the late antique city of Anazarbos.  This enormous baronial castle is primarily an Armenian construction, including the Church of Tʽoros I and three chapels, with some structures attributed to Byzantine, Arab, and Mamluk occupants.  The Crusaders are responsible for the massive, centrally-placed donjon.  This site has inter-visibility with the important fortifications at Toprak, Amuda, Sis, Tumlu, and Yılan.

Ref: Ecclesiastical 1, pp. 156-161, 168; Ecclesiastical 2, pp. 128-134; Fortifications, pp. 65-72; Donjon, pp. 53-55; Anazarbus, pp. 85-150; Burgen, pp. 191-201; Expedition, Ch. 18; Châteaux, pp. 44-45; Eerdmans, Robert W. Edwards, “Anazarbos,” vol. 1, pp. 57-58; Anazarbos, pp. 205-224; Mamluks, pp. 172, 174.

Alternate Site Names and Spellings: Anazarbus, Anazarbos, Anabarza, Nāwarzā, ʽAyn Zarbah, Anavarz, Anawarza, Anazarba, Անազարբա, Անարզաբա, Անաւարզա, Ἀναζάρβος, Ἀναβάρζα