Site: Sis
Country: Turkey
Region: Cilicia, South-Central Turkey
Location : 37° 27’ N, 35° 48’ E
Cultures: Arab, Armenian, Byzantine, Mamluk
Description:

Sis / Kozan [Byz: Sision Kastron; Arab: Sīs, Ḥișn Sīsiya or Sīsa; Arm: Sis; Frank: Assisum, Assis or Sisa] was the seat of the Armenian Katʽołikos, the capital of Armenian Cilicia, and one of its largest castles, primarily of Armenian construction with few remains from the Byzantine and Mamluk periods of occupation.  The combined length of the circuit walls extends over 3 km.  The lower terrace has the foundations of the Church of St. Gregory the Illuminator as well as two chapels.  This fortification covers a massive outcrop in the eastern lobe of Cilicia Pedias and has clear inter-visibility with numerous sites, including Anavarza, Tumlu, and Andıl.

Ref: Ecclesiastical 1, pp. 168-170; Ecclesiastical 2, pp. 134-141; Fortifications, pp. 233-237; Settlements, pp. 201-203; Expedition, Ch. 15-16, 21; Crusader, pp. 97-100; Burgen, pp. 202-213; Châteaux, pp. 57-59; Mamluks, pp. 25 ff.

Alternate Site Names and Spellings: Kozan, Sision Kastron, Sīs, Ḥișn Sīsiya, Sīsa, Sis, Սիս, Assisum, Assis, Sisa, Σίσιον Κάστρον